柏林。Reichstag building
柏林的Reichstag building
1894年開放使用
是的國大帝國的國會所在地
1933年因戰火的摧殘
中間的圓塔被炸不見了
整個建築也是砲火痕跡處處可見
為了讓世人見是當時的砲火下的殘跡
德國人使用了玻璃式的建築材料重建了圓塔
德國國會也搬回這裡
這是柏林幾乎為一的免費可登高望遠的地方
排隊可能要好一陣子
但是很值得的
連不喜歡排隊的菲利浦先生也乖乖的排隊登上了
Ludwig Bohnstedt was the clear winner of the Reichstag competition. But his popular design (with a monumental front symbolic of openness) disappeared into a drawer - the time was evidently not yet ripe for a separate parliamentary building. Ten years later, in 1882, a second competition was declared, and this time the winner was Paul Wallot, a private architect in Frankfurt/Main. But he, too, had to endure quarrels with the Emperor and the authorities before the building was eventually dedicated in 1894.
Construction began in 1884, but the final decision on the facade design was only made in 1886 and as late as 1890, when the interior load-bearing walls were already finished, a new dome had to be designed to suit the will of Wilhelm II.
The eventual result was a four-wing structure with two inner courtyards and with the plenary parliamentary chamber at the centre. The main facade faces west, away from the centre of the city.
Above a rusticated pedestal facade, the monumental structure rises in two storeys. The characteristic features are the protruding square corner towers and the entrance section which also forms a block projecting out of the line of the building. In front of the entrance is a row of columns with a triangular gable and a large outdoor flight of steps leading to the portal. Above the central plenary chamber, a large dome of iron and glass rose from a rectangular base, and it was much admired as a masterpiece of engineering.
At a height of 75 metres on the lantern, and thus above the whole parliamentary building, was an emperor's crown. The exterior was sub-divided by a colossal structure and had rich figure ornamentations around the top of the facade. The interior was also richly and luxuriously ornamented.
In the Reichstag fire on 28.2.1933 the interior, and especially the plenary chamber, were partly destroyed. In the last days of the war, the Reichstag suffered severe damage and again burned out. The dome was later detonated for safety reasons.
After long discussions about its future use, the interior of the building was fitted out in a sober and rational style to plans by Paul Baumgarten, but the plenary chamber remained provisional.
After it was decided that Berlin would be the future seat of government, a competition was declared and the winner was Sir Norman Foster. But the design that was actually implemented - which is also by Sir Norman Foster - has nothing in common with the winning design. The interior was completely hollowed out and the plenary chamber, which is again at the centre of the building, is now below an elliptical glass dome on a round base with ramps leading to the top. As from April 1999, the Reichstag building is the official seat of the German parliament.
The neighbouring Reichstag President's Palace was also designed by Wallot (1897-1903).
Source: http://www.berlin.de/tourismus/sehenswuerdigkeiten.en/00121.html
